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隨著城市(shi)化進(jin)程的(de)推(tui)進(jin)，城鎮(zhen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人口不斷(duan)增(zeng)加，對供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能力的(de)需(xu)求也在逐(zhu)步提升。城鎮(zhen)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也稱城市(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。城鎮(zhen)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是現(xian)代城鎮(zhen)的(de)基礎設(she)施，是城鎮(zhen)建(jian)設(she)的(de)重要(yao)組成部(bu)分。它的(de)任(ren)務(wu)是保證城鎮(zhen)居民、工商企業(ye)(ye)、交通(tong)運輸(shu)、公用(yong)事業(ye)(ye)、消防、環衛等各(ge)種用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，做到經濟(ji)合理，安全可靠地滿足各(ge)方面在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓的(de)正(zheng)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)。它的(de)這些任(ren)務(wu)主(zhu)要(yao)由公共(gong)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)企業(ye)(ye)來完成。部(bu)分工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)由于生(sheng)產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量大(da)，對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質要(yao)求不高，或遠離城鎮(zhen)自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網的(de)自(zi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統，有時也屬城鎮(zhen)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)范疇。

城市供水行業市場發展現狀分析

隨著我(wo)國(guo)城鎮(zhen)化(hua)的(de)不斷推(tui)(tui)進(jin)，城鎮(zhen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)人口(kou)不斷增(zeng)加(jia)。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)城鎮(zhen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)人口(kou)從8.0億人增(zeng)加(jia)到8.7億人。城鎮(zhen)化(hua)進(jin)程的(de)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)也推(tui)(tui)動我(wo)國(guo)城鎮(zhen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)需求逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)長，2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)城鎮(zhen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)從833.7億立方米增(zeng)加(jia)至907.3億立方米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均復合增(zeng)長2.14%。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，我(wo)國(guo)經濟(ji)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)步伐明顯加(jia)快，對于供水(shui)(shui)(shui)行業來說，供水(shui)(shui)(shui)服務已經不滿(man)(man)足于聚焦于水(shui)(shui)(shui)質、水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)等最基本的(de)服務保障。如何(he)滿(man)(man)足人民(min)對于美好的(de)感知，成為行業高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)核(he)心內容。

數(shu)據顯示，2018年至(zhi)2020年，我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量分(fen)別為614.6億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米、628.3億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米和629.5億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米，其中生活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)占(zhan)比(bi)最高。同(tong)時，隨著各(ge)地政(zheng)府部(bu)門強化地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)禁采(cai)限采(cai)管(guan)理，我(wo)國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)需(xu)求也將(jiang)保持繼續增長(chang)態(tai)勢。2021年，全國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量673.34億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米，同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)6.96%;城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)道長(chang)度105.99萬公(gong)里，同(tong)比(bi)增長(chang)5.26%。

2022年，全國(guo)城市(shi)供水(shui)總量674.41億立方米(mi)，同比(bi)增(zeng)長0.16%;城市(shi)供水(shui)管道長度110.30萬(wan)公里，同比(bi)增(zeng)長4.06%;人均日生活用水(shui)量184.73升(sheng)，比(bi)2021年減少0.30升(sheng);供水(shui)普及率(lv)99.39%，比(bi)2021年增(zeng)加(jia)0.01個(ge)百分點。隨著(zhu)全國(guo)城鎮化(hua)(hua)建設和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)村(cun)供排水(shui)設施建設的(de)推進，工業化(hua)(hua)進程的(de)不斷加(jia)快，供水(shui)和(he)(he)(he)排水(shui)企業作為居民生活用水(shui)和(he)(he)(he)工業生產用水(shui)的(de)上下游處理(li)環(huan)節，行業整體規模(mo)將隨之(zhi)擴大。

2022年(nian)(nian)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)作會議提出，將加(jia)快農(nong)村(cun)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)改(gai)造提升，2022年(nian)(nian)底(di)我國(guo)(guo)農(nong)村(cun)自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)普及(ji)(ji)率達85%。進一步推進城鄉供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)一體化、農(nong)村(cun)供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)規(gui)模化發展及(ji)(ji)小型供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)標準化改(gai)造。2022年(nian)(nian)9月，住房和城鄉建(jian)設部辦公廳、國(guo)(guo)家發展改(gai)革委辦公廳、國(guo)(guo)家疾病預防(fang)控制局(ju)綜合司發布關(guan)于加(jia)強(qiang)城市供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)安全(quan)保障工(gong)作的通知(zhi)，自(zi)2023年(nian)(nian)4月1日起(qi)，城市供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)全(quan)面(mian)執(zhi)行(xing)《生(sheng)(sheng)活飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標準》(GB 5749-2022);到(dao)2025年(nian)(nian)，建(jian)立(li)較為完善的城市供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)全(quan)流程(cheng)保障體系和基本(ben)健全(quan)的城市供(gong)(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)應急體系。

城市供水行業未來發展空間及前景預測

《“十(shi)四五”新型城鎮化實施(shi)方案》提(ti)(ti)出，到(dao)2025年農(nong)村(cun)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)普(pu)及率將提(ti)(ti)高到(dao)88%，有條件的(de)地(di)區推(tui)進城鄉供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一體化、推(tui)進市(shi)政公共設(she)施(shi)智慧化改造、增加智能水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務與(yu)終端等。未(wei)來(lai)，農(nong)村(cun)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、城鄉供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一體化及智慧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務建(jian)設(she)將是(shi)自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生產和(he)供(gong)應行(xing)業重要發展(zhan)方向。隨(sui)著城市(shi)化進程(cheng)的(de)不(bu)斷推(tui)進，城市(shi)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)施(shi)和(he)規(gui)劃逐步完善(shan)和(he)成熟，城市(shi)的(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)場發展(zhan)潛力已基本開發完全。相(xiang)比之下(xia)，縣城的(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)場仍有相(xiang)當的(de)發展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)。目前來(lai)看(kan)，傳統城鎮供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)場趨(qu)于飽和(he)，農(nong)村(cun)及城鄉供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一體化市(shi)場仍然(ran)具(ju)有較大發展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)。

隨著物聯網(IoT)、大數據(ju)和人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(AI)等技術的(de)(de)不斷進(jin)步(bu)，城市(shi)供(gong)水系(xi)統(tong)將逐(zhu)步(bu)實現(xian)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)管(guan)理。這(zhe)包(bao)括(kuo)通(tong)(tong)過傳感器實時(shi)監控(kong)水質、水量(liang)、水壓等關(guan)鍵參數，以及通(tong)(tong)過數據(ju)分析優化(hua)水資源分配、預測(ce)供(gong)水需求等。智(zhi)慧水務將成(cheng)為行業發展的(de)(de)重要方向(xiang)，推動(dong)供(gong)水設施的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)改造和升級，提高供(gong)水系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)自動(dong)化(hua)水平和運行效率。

在自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)和輸送過程中，采用節能技(ji)術和設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)，減少能源(yuan)消耗和溫(wen)室氣(qi)體排放，將成(cheng)為行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要趨(qu)勢。海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)淡化(hua)等新技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，將為城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場提(ti)供新的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，同時(shi)提(ti)高能源(yuan)效率和降(jiang)低成(cheng)本是(shi)該領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要趨(qu)勢。城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場將進一步開放，引入(ru)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場參(can)與者，推動市(shi)(shi)(shi)場競爭和服務質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。市(shi)(shi)(shi)場將呈現(xian)多(duo)元化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢，包括供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)服務、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)供應、管網建設(she)(she)和維護等多(duo)個領域。

隨著城市(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)進程的(de)(de)(de)(de)加快和(he)人口增(zeng)長(chang)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場需求將(jiang)(jiang)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)加，市(shi)(shi)(shi)場規模(mo)將(jiang)(jiang)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)長(chang)。預計未來幾年(nian)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)行業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場規模(mo)將(jiang)(jiang)以年(nian)均復合(he)增(zeng)長(chang)率(lv)(CAGR)約8%的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度增(zeng)長(chang)。技(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)將(jiang)(jiang)成為推(tui)動城市(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要驅動力。新(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用將(jiang)(jiang)提高供(gong)(gong)水(shui)效率(lv)、改善供(gong)(gong)水(shui)質量，并降低供(gong)(gong)水(shui)成本(ben)。例如(ru)，智能水(shui)表、遠程監測、智能調度等(deng)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用，將(jiang)(jiang)助力供(gong)(gong)水(shui)企業(ye)實現(xian)(xian)精細化(hua)(hua)(hua)管理。面對水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)分布不(bu)均的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，跨區域甚至跨國界的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)管理和(he)調配項目將(jiang)(jiang)變得越來越重(zhong)要。區域合(he)作與協同發(fa)展(zhan)將(jiang)(jiang)成為城市(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要趨勢(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一。總之(zhi)，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)行業(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場未來將(jiang)(jiang)呈現(xian)(xian)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)、環(huan)保化(hua)(hua)(hua)、資源(yuan)(yuan)節約化(hua)(hua)(hua)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)(hua)(hua)與多(duo)元(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨勢(shi)(shi)。同時，技(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)、政(zheng)策支(zhi)持(chi)、區域合(he)作等(deng)因素(su)將(jiang)(jiang)共同推(tui)動行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)持(chi)續(xu)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)。